The Bride of Frankenstein Essay - 1745 Words

The Bride of Frankenstein A horror film is a film dominated by elements of horror. This film genre underestimates a number of sub-genres and repeated themes, such as slashed themes, vampire. Horror films are designed to frighten and panic that cause dread and alarm within our hearts, and to invoke our hidden worst fears, often in a terrifying and shocking endings at the same time entertaining us with excitement and therapeutic experience. Most horror films are designed to show the dark side of life, the forbidden and strange events that take place within the society and our lives. Moreover they deal with our most primal nature and its fears: our nightmares. Some horror films exhibit a substantial†¦show more content†¦It was voted the film of the year by the New York Times. Universal not only produced The Bride of Frankenstein but also Dracula, The Mummy, and The Murders in the Rue Morgue which were all released during the depression of the 1930s. It was argued and believed that the reason for intr oducing these horror films seemed that the audiences from that period of time wanted to see escapists films which made them forget the real everyday worries. Even though 1,300 banks closed and over 25,000 businesses failed in the USA which was a very bad thing not only for the US but also Europesuffered during that time. Moreover this did not stop the people from going to cinemas and see films, even though they did not have enough money, they still managed to see the films they wanted so that they could escape the bad life they were in. As a result of this the Hollywood film industry made 90 million dollars in paid admission week. The universal horror films were on top of the list compared to the rest. Mise-en-scene is French term for whats in the scene. In other words how the characters are represented within that particular scene and how the setting and lighting etc are used. The film begins in dark stormy night with lighting and thunder as the view of the outside house is shownShow MoreRelatedMary Shelley s Frankenstein And The Bride Of Frankenstein Essay2445 Words   |  10 Pagesthis page will always be the same, it is only the reader and the world around them that changes. Take for example Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein. In 1818, Shelley had a nightmare that lead her to write her novel as a personification of the Victorian Culture’s fascination of science and death. In 1934, director James Whale adapted the material into â€Å" The Bride of Frankenstein† film, and was an allegory for pre-WWII unity, then in 1997, someone interpreted the film as a homosexual allegory for the 1990’sRead MoreAnalysis Of The Movie The Bride Of Frankenstein 1514 Words   |  7 Pagescomparing and contrasting them to concluded which out of the two is a better horror movie. The first movie that I watched for this discussion is the Bride of Fran kenstein, this movie was made in 1935 and directed by James Whale. The Bride of Frankenstein is a sequel to The movie Frankenstein which follows the after math of the suspected death of Frankensteins monster. The second movie that I watched was The Conjuring 2 released in June,2016 and directed by James Wan. The Conjuring 2 follows two paranormalRead MoreThe Movie The Bride Of Frankenstein And Mad Love Directed By Karl Freund2024 Words   |  9 PagesThe point of a film is to share a message through entertainment; it can be thought that films made in the same era can share a common goal. This is not always the case, like in the films The Bride of Frankenstein directed by James Whale and Mad Love directed by Karl Freund. These two films both talk about romantic love but they do so in different ways. Romantic love occurs when two people share intimacy and a strong connection. Love has been something in the past that has driven people and has forcedRead MoreMary Shelley Frankenstein 859 Words   |  4 Pages Mary Shelley The Creature in Mary Shelley’s â€Å"Frankenstein or the Modern Prometheus† needs a companionship as every ordinary human. Every man needs a woman, who will able to share moments of happiness and sadness, a woman who will be able to share thoughts and of course a woman who will be able to love a man. In this case the Creature needs a bride. But the problem is that the Creature from the â€Å"Frankenstein or the Modern Prometheus† is not a human. So can human rights and needsRead MoreAnalysis Of Mary Shelley s Frankenstein 1028 Words   |  5 PagesFrankenstein thinks that everything is alright now, but Elizabeth has a premonition that the monster will return, and she warns her fiancà © that she fears some harm is going to befall him. At the same time, during the entire village’s celebration, the father of the dead girl carries her lifeless body though the streets for all to see. The shock crowd stops its celebration, stunned and outraged over the death of Maria, and they demand justice from The Burgomaster (mayor) and local police. By nightfallRead MoreNegative Criticism Of Frankenstein1581 Words   |  7 Pagesdarkness into light? But if you talk like that, people call you crazy. Well, if I could discover just one of these things, what eternity is, for example, I wouldn t care if they did think I was crazy.† -Henry Frankenstein (Frankenstein, 1931) A. The images of Frankenstein are so vividly burned onto our collective consciousness, so universally recognizable, that it’s hard to view their original visual offering as a true masterwork of artistic expression, rather than simply a pieceRead MoreFrankenstein s Representation Of Others1221 Words   |  5 PagesFrankenstein s Representation of Others Monsters represent many things that we all refuse to acknowledge. They represent what we all fear or what society fears. Many monster movies implement certain ideas about Others. In the movie by James Whale, Bride of Frankenstein (1935), it demonstrates Frankenstein as the Other, showing racism and how society is the real monster. Though, the movie demonstrates Germans reaction to Frankenstein, while the book reflects British attitudes towards non-CaucasianRead MoreFrankenstein And His Creature As One1558 Words   |  7 PagesNick Kelley Ms. Romaguera English IV- A Period 4/7/15 Frankenstein and his creature as one When hearing the word Frankenstein society imagines a boxy looking creature with metal pegs in his neck and a scar on his forehead; in reality Frankenstein is Dr. Victor Frankenstein, the creator of this monster. In the science fiction novel Frankenstein, Mary Shelley examines the deep connection between a creator and his creation. This deep connection perhaps explains the identity confusion between the doctorRead MoreEssay on Science, Technology, and Morality in Shelleys Frankenstein1098 Words   |  5 Pages Frankenstein and Sciencenbsp;nbsp; Science is the knowledge gained by a systematic study, knowledge which then becomes facts or principles. In the systematic study; the first step is observation, the second step hypothesis, the third step experimentation to test the hypothesis, and lastly the conclusion whether or not the hypothesis holds true. These steps have been ingrained into every student of science, as the basic pathway to scientific discovery. This pathway holds not decision as toRead MoreFrankenstein s Better Half By Mary Shelley863 Words   |  4 PagesFrankenstein’s Better Half Frankenstein by Mary Shelley has been one of the most popular scientific horror stories for centuries; however, many people do not know that Shelley’s life was equivalent to the horrors she tells in her book. Shelley’s mother died when she was only eleven days old. Her father disowned her after she married her true love Percy Shelley at the age of seventeen. She lost three of her four children and a half sister. Shelley finally had a son who lived on to adulthood; yet,

Club It Part 1 - 728 Words

Club IT Part 1 Maria Acosta XBIS/ 219 December 20, 2012 Richard Vincent Club IT Part 1 Club IT is a night club that Rueben Keys and Lisa Tejada have put together, to provide some high quality entertainment for everyone to enjoy, especially their adult friends. The mission statement for Club It is â€Å"We, Ruben and Lisa, offer you live music, DJ’s, dance space, and refreshments that suit your lifestyle. You are our friends, and we seek to build a community that meets regularly at Club IT.† (R. Kelly Rainer Turban, 2009) What Rueben and Lisa have done is take a 6000 square foot location, remodeled it to accommodate a 600 square foot dance floor, seating for 220 people, four wells and bar, a kitchen†¦show more content†¦Then we can add a suggestion box as part of the website, that allows for suggestions as to the musical genre that is due to perform and advanced ticket sales to upcoming events. With an interactive website, the entire idea of creating a club for friends and community that fits into their lives and interests. Then we have interoffice needs that warrant a look, systems for ordering products through vendors via the internet, a tracking system that allows the vendors to see what is needed in the inventory of the club without the need of a call or reminder from club personnel. Also a system for the wait staff and bartenders that are wireless, an ordering system to allow the staff to be more efficient and a better system to track sales from the wait staff and production from the kitchen. A way to track what is a hot seller and what isn’t and where they can limit restocking or make changes to the menu items. The clientele that are targeted by Club IT is the Net Generation and Millenials, these are the ones that communicate via blackberry’s, I Phones, Droids and other electronic devices and who for the most part are in the IT field. Many of the new generation customers are using the web and internet to perform a lot of tasks that needShow MoreRelatedInformative Speech : Key Club770 Words   |  4 PagesKey Club General Purpose: To Inform Method of Organization: Topical Citation Format: APA Specific Purpose: At the end of my speech, my audience will now be aware as to what key club is, the benefits of it, and what the organization does. Central Idea (Thesis): Although Key Club is an international organization there are very few people who really know what it is and the difference it makes. Introduction I.I’m going to first ask the audience if they know what key club is, and if they were membersRead MoreSalsa Dancing Essay1400 Words   |  6 PagesLucy, decide to take dance classes at a local Salsa dance club. They used to go to ballroom dance classes at the same club some years ago. Because Salsa dancing has become so popular, they book the classes in advance. On the back of the receipt a printed clause says â€Å"For terms and conditions please see notices in the club†. On the inside of the club door a large notice is pinned up. The notice reads, â€Å"The club will not accept responsibility for any loss suffered by customers†Read MoreMarquee: The Business of Nightlife1229 Words   |  5 Pagessecond club in New York City? And what should be Tepperber’s strategy regarding Marquee? Why? Standing at the beginning of the year 2008, Mr. Noah Tepperberg should consider the following 3 steps before launching the second club in New York City. Location and Market Research While the West Chelsea community might be a good location for the new club, it is worth spending some time and energy to find out whether the â€Å"club row† is still the hottest club circle for clubgoers. In starting a new club, MrRead MoreResearch On The Financial Performance Of The English Premier League801 Words   |  4 Pages This dissertation was written to examine whether the financial performance of the English Premier League and the sampled clubs improved after UEFA introduced their Financial Fair Play regulations. This led to the comparison of the results for the league in general and individual clubs over a ten-year period (2004 – 2015). This ten year period was broken down into two parts: â€Å"FFP1† which represented years prior to the Financial Fair Play introduction (2004 – 2009) and â€Å"FFP2† representing post FinancialRead MoreUse of Facilities by Religious Groups1239 Words   |  5 PagesWeek 1 Case Studies David Fernandez School Law Use of Facilities by Religious Groups 1. Yes, I believe the Bible club has legitimate grounds to file suit for use of school facilities. Principal Gayle Dixon’s decision to deny the club use is based on her interpretation of the club’s charter to be discriminatory and not necessarily the law’s or districts. 2. No, I would say principal Dixon is not justified to deny use of school facilities because she is making the judgment based herRead MoreBookbinders Book Club1379 Words   |  6 PagesMARKETING ENGINEERING FOR EXCEL †¢ CASE †¢ VERSION 2.0.2 Case Bookbinders Book Club By Gary L. Lilien Arvind Rangaswamy 1. Before beginning any case, students should familiarize themselves with the model being used. Marketing Engineering for Excel comes with tutorials that demonstrate the capability of each model. The tutorial can be found under each model within the MEââ€" ºXL menu after starting Excel. These tutorials are designed to work with our OfficeStar examples which are locatedRead MoreThe Idea Of School Breakfast Programs937 Words   |  4 Pagesfoods to children from low-income families (Food Nutrition Service, 2013). It wasn’t until 1992, that breakfast clubs in Canada and other school breakfast programs adopted this idea and was established to help nourish our young Canadian minds – school breakfast programs subsidized meal and snack programs designed to help children gain access to a healthy breakfast or snack (Breakfast Clubs of Canada, 2012). As noted in the study Nourishing Young Minds (2012), a report done by the Toronto Public HealthRead MoreProhibiting Night Clubs1 025 Words   |  5 Pages2/25/2013 Essay 1 Under aged Clubbing Prohibiting nightclubs from admitting people under age twenty-one will take some weight off of parents, club owners, drivers and innocent bystanders. With the economy sinking, many owners are making what they believe a wise financial decision by allowing eighteen to twenty year olds in their clubs. They are mixing eighteen to twenty in with the twenty-one and up crowd, as failing clubs’ owners only see more people and more money. 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Usage of IOT Devices in Cities-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Concept of Internet of things. Answer: Introduction: Smart city generally refers to the urban area, which is associated with collection of electronic data by making use of different sensors or better to say by making use of IoT devices for managing the assets and the resources in an efficient way [1]. This collection of data is generally done from the citizens, assets or from devices, which is then processed and analyzed to monitor various things going on inside the city. However, along with benefits, there also exists certain challenges and this mainly includes several things like the technical challenges, privacy and security challenges and many more. The total process of urbanization is closely related to the development in an economic way. Due to the fact that Internet of things has become a worldwide trend, and also due to the manufacturing of smart products by many companies started to offer smart products which are generally Computerized and is based on Internet connection so It is expected that in the near future, especially with IPv6, the use of IoT by people will increase along with the demand as well. There exists many challenges that is faced by the IoT technology in the smart cities. Some of the major challenges involve the attack by hackers, data ownership risks and single point failure. There always exist a confusion amongst the data owners weather to store data in local servers or on the servers of the trusted vendors. But in both cases there exists a risk of hacking. There is no existing mechanism which is fully protected against hacking. Along with this the security system which is totally based upon a centralized controlled system always faces the risk of failure. The best of avoiding this risk is by hav ing an USP or uninterruptible power supply so s to help the system keep in running state whenever a cut in the power supply is. Another way of protection is by having a miniature server for each house so that it can act as a backup whenever an emergency arises. This report mainly discusses about the usage of IoT devices in cities so as to make the life of people much easier. Along with the advantages there also exists some disadvantages. Different types of electronic sensors are used for the collection of data which helps a lot in easy management of the assets and the resources efficiently. The data is mainly collected from the citizens of the city, various devices and assets. These data is then processed and analysed for the purpose of monitoring and managing traffic along with the transportation systems, power plants, network of water supply, waste management, law enforcement, information systems, schools, libraries, hospitals, and other community services. The convergence of the IoT technology and smart city technology has led to the generation of big data along with development of techniques like artificial intelligence or AI. Problems or Challenges Despite of the cities seeking to become smart cities series of challenges and concerns are raised by the applications used in the smart cities. Some of the problems faced by smart cities are listed below: Overloading of the sensors: All smart cities are based upon the data. And if data is needed then there also exists the need of a sensor [23]. The sensors are capable of measuring the temperature, patterns of the traffic, traffic for foot, quality of the air and integrity of the infrastructure and many more. The number of sensors are increasing day by day so the amount of data are also increasing. This might give rise to a situation when the sensors would be overloaded when sufficient number of sensors are not present. Power: Installing of numerous amount of sensors also requires lots of power. The current energy paradigms is not capable of providing to so many sensors [25]. Smart city can be considered as a sci-fi fantasy without any wireless power. Leakage of privacy and sensing of data: This is another problem in the IoT based smart cities. Smart cities are vulnerable to leakage of privacy due to various reasons, which might include interference from an outsider. Because private information is collected, transmitted and processed, there might exist many areas where the security of the private data might be compromised [26]. The private information might include identity of the user, location of the transportation, health condition, and many more. Therefore, it would be major insight if the disclosure of privacy sensitive information happens. Privacy and the availability of the data storing and processing: Despite of the competitive advantage provided by the powerful cloud servers in order to store data and process the information, there still exists the threats due to various untrusted cloud servers [27]. In cases when the data of the smart cities are in the clear texts while storing and processing the data, then this type of data is directly reveled to the servers of the cloud. Encryption or sending cipher texts to the cloud servers might protect the data from any kind of threats. Despite of the fact that this method is capable of preventing any type of unauthorized cloud servers to get access of the collected data, the processing of the encrypted data can be done in an effective way while performing various types of analytical operations for the smart cities [28]. Another challenge is possessed by the computational overheads regarding the efficiency, and this happens mostly when the volume of data is very large. One of the challenging issue related to securing of the data of the smart cities is faced during the processing and accessing of the controls. Trustworthy and Dependable Control: Smart cities consist of a two way control flow and this flow is generally dependent on the control system and the actuators so as to materialize various operations that are generally determined by the control center [29]. The most attractive targets of the attackers includes the systems responsible for controlling and giving feedback and this mainly includes the public and industrial infrastructure. Some of the major attacks involve the Denial-of-service attacks, spoofing attacks, malicious data injection and many more and this attacks are responsible for biasing, making the output incorrect or disabling of the management, control and operations. The detection of all these type of malicious attacks and misbehaviors is generally done by the third party inspections and auditing [30]. literature review The idea of smart city is considered to be new and can be stated as the successor of the informational city, digital based city and sustainable city. Caraglio et al. (2011) in their literature review conceptualized the idea of smart cities and mainly included the following enabling of the development of the culture as well as the society by enhancement of the efficiency regarding the administration and the economy, putting an underlying emphasis over the business oriented urban development, focusing strongly on the goal of realizing the social inclusions of various types of the urban residents in the public service, putting an emphasis on the sign fact role played by the high-tech as well as the industries for long term growth, having a perspective of paying close attention to the functioning of the social as well as the relational capital for the development of the city, Having a vision of taking the social and environmental sustainability as one of eth important aspect of the smart city [2]. Some other authors have been associated with pointing out the necessary ingredients to form the composition of eth smart cities [3][4][5]. In addition, this mainly includes the smart economy, smart environment, smart mobility, smart people, smart living and many more. It can be stated that the concept of smart city has gone beyond the definition of the digital cities, information cities and intelligent cities. This is mainly due to the reason that smart cities contextualize the technology, which is to be used in order to favor the whole system, and the services provided to the people [5]. Marsal-lllacuna et al. (2015) discussed about the fact that the experiences should be considered during the evaluation of the smart cities [6]. The experience might be about the environment friendly and livable cities, encompassing of the sustainability along with the quality of life. In addition to this, the course of the composition of eth technological factors is also included in the previous experiences. According to Lazaroiu and Roscia the smart city should also be capable of representing the technological community, interconnection, sustainability, comfort, attractiveness and optimized operations of the municipal services [7][8]. The new reality would greatly encourage the increasing of the number of suppliers for the smart cities market. In addition, this would be done by making use of the technology in order to manage the urban services as well [9] [10]. Kramers et al. (2014) [12] later emphasized the work of Schaffers et al. (2011) [11], which pointed out the fact that it is necessary to have a smart city in order to have the following things: Creation of a rich environment of the various broadband networks, which would be supporting the digital applications [11]. Initiation of a large-scale participatory process for innovation in order to create the applications. There exists few cities, which has been associated with appreciating the concept of smart cities, which they have also applied at the row domain in order to enjoy the various types of benefits and meet the needs of the city. Nam and Pardo (2011) was associated with dividing the smart cities into three different dimensions [13]. The three different dimensions includes the technology, population and lastly the institutions. According to this division made by the authors investments made on these three dimensions mainly aims at developing the quality of the life, promoting the management of the natural resources. This is initially associated with allowing the institutions to contribute in the various innovative process and provide better service to the citizens, strengthens the debates and involves the participation of the politics [2]. According to Dizdaroglu and Yigitcanlast (2016) one must consider into account the idea of the sustainable urban development while studying the smart cities [14]. This would help in better understanding of the term sustainability. Along with this the above process can also be considered as a process for change of how the resources are being exploited, the directions in which the investments are being made, development of the technology and lastly the institutional changes. All this are consistent and the needs of the future as well as the present. The term sustainability has gained its importance from the 1990s [15]. This is associated with denoting the relationship that exists between the social economies and the environmental sustainability aspects derived from combination of the indictors of each of the components. The current vision is mainly associated with addressing the three main issues and talk about the sustainable cities [16]. After considering all the aspects Hiremath et al. (2013) described the sustainable kind of urban development in order to achieve proper kind of balance between the developments of the urban areas and the protecting the environment [17]. This was done with a vision of equity in the process of income, employment, shelter, basic information, basic shelter, transportation, and social infrastructure in the urban areas. The interest upon the spread of the smart cities and adjacent concepts, which are associated with a number of factors. The factors might include the following: Major portion of the population of the world who are living in the cities. Changes in the climate Scarcity in the natural resources Globalization Increased rate of competition. Along with this the cities also needs to provide services that are much more improved and customizable [10]. Dhingra and Chattopadhyay (2016) stated that a smart and a sustainable city is having certain goals, which are to be achieved, and should be adaptable along with being reliable, scalable, accessible and resilient [18]. The goals might include the following: improved quality of life of the citizens, ensuring the fact that the growth is associated with better employment opportunities, Improvement of the well-being of the citizens and this would be done by ensuring the access of the citizens to the social as well as the community services. Ensuring the fact that efficient service is delivered and this would include the basic services and the infrastructure like the public transportation, drainage water supply and many more. Having the ability of addressing the climatic conditions and the issues of the environment. Providing of regulatory and local governance mechanisms, which are much more effective and ensures the policies, which are equitable. It has been observed that when the environmental issues are being considered in the smart cities then the discussions becomes much more political in nature and consider the international resolutions along with the innovative solutions to combat the various complex challenges. The author also stated that there exists four major attributes of eth smart cities and this mainly includes the (1) Sustainability, (2) Quality of the life, (3) Urban aspects and (4) Intelligence. This four attributes are analyzed four major themes and this includes the (1) society, (2) economy, (3) environment and (4) governance [19] [20]. Later the themes stated above was presented by Yigitcanlar and Velibeyoglu (2008) and Yigitcanlar and Lonnqvist (2013) by their idea regarding the knowledge based urban development and this is another kind of concept which is related to the development of the smart cities [21] [22]. Yigitcanlar and Lee (2014) also proposed a similar concept like the one proposed above which is known as the smart-eco city and this proposal mainly states that the cities should be ecologically healthy and use advanced technologies along with having an economically productive as well as environment friendly efficient industries [23]. They should be also having a responsible and harmonious systematic culture along with an aesthetic and living landscape, which is functional in nature. In smart cities, the wireless sensor network acts as a major source for generation of heterogeneous information. The information that is generally generated by the various types of sensor often overlaps along with being partial as well. In order to tackle the challenges which are related the fusion of the partial data acts as a major challenge in the research. According to the Dempster Shafer Theory of Evidence which was proposed by the Dempster and was later extended by the Shafer is considered as an extension of the traditional probability [31] [32]. This can be used for the purpose of reasoning which occurs under certain conditions. In a similar way, Tazid et al considered all the merits as well as the demerits of the various combination rules, which are generally used in the fusion of sensor data [33]. Yoon, and Suh and Javadi et al. by making use of the Dempster-Shefer approach made the fusion of the sensor data in the environmental domains [35]. The proposed data fusion approac h were limited to the several devices along with their functionality for a single smart city. There also exists some Smart city projects like the IBM projects SCRIB provides the definition of the smart city has with respect to the semantic model. This is based upon the data that has been gathered from different parts of the world. Some standards are used for defining the SCRIBE ontology, these standards might include the Common Alerting Protocol and the national Information Exchange Model or the NIEM. These standards address the issues related to heterogeneous data in various smart city domains. In a similar way, the Smart Santander project is also associated with evaluating the key building blocks of the IoT and this mainly includes the various interactions and the mechanism of the management protocol. Various kinds of sensors would be used in different cities and would be associated with exploiting the different applications. Along with this the the development of the test bed would also be helping in the exploitation of various Smart city domains which might include the mo nitoring of the environment, intensity of the traffic, and many more. Besides this the City Sensor Project also aimed at improving the human infrastructure which is existing and this initially helped in the providing of better services for eth citizens by means of exploitation of the available resources in a much more efficient way. But this projects have a drawback which is they are not capable of providing a detailed information about the way they are being implemented. Additionally the semantic model of eth project also does not specify the way in which they would be incorporating the aspects which are uncertain in nature. After considering all this aspects it is suggested to use an approach which is enriched semantically and is generally inferred by means of the intelligent customized applications in a smart city. Along with this the fusion approach which is based upon the domains of the expert knowledge and the process of reasoning which makes use of the Dempster-Shafer theory of evidence. Therefore, it can be concluded that this approach is the best, which would be well-suited for the purpose of dealing with the various uncertainty in the heterogeneous data for the smart city models. Along with this, it is also seen that the data, which is generated by the IoT devices, are heterogeneous in nature. Metholodgy The modern wireless technologies and the wireless sensors network are to be implemented in the future Smart City system, which would be providing powerful, flexible and intelligent support for the peoples who would be living in the cities. The figure that has been provided below shows the proposed architecture of Smart city, which is known to be an extension of the, previously restricted system. The process of integrating the wireless sensor networks and the wireless communication services has decided some aims and this includes the real-time high-level context-aware customized services, living environments, which would be much better and improved utilization of the resources, which are available. The sensory data that are deployed in the smart cities are associated with providing the primary data for purpose of generating the heterogeneous information. The information that is generally provided by the sensor nodes is generally collected by making use of the communication systems, wh ich are existing. Once the collection of the data is completed then the processing and analysis of the data is done by means of semantic web technologies the Dempster-Shafer combination rule. The deploying of this architecture on the cloud platforms can be used as a SaaS or software as a service. Fig 1: Various Components of the Smart City The architecture that has been proposed would be helping in numerous ways. This system would also be associated with serving as one of the intelligent platform for those who are living in a smart society. Data is collected from smart city domains and is combined which would be helping the architecture in assisting the peoples in a smart manner. The main steps that are to be followed for the purpose of implementing the architecture is described below which starts with the collection of the data and processing in order to make them consumable by the web. After the conversion of the data is completed into common factors then they are enriched semantically by making use of the OWL concept. Which is generally based upon the knowledge of the experts in the domain. Besides this at the same level, the data which has been collected are also processed by making use of the Dempster-Shafer rules. This is done in order deal with the uncertainty aspects of the semantic model. The main idea include s the reorganization of the activities and learn the new rules, which would be governing the activities. The new rules would also be used for defining the knowledge of the semantic models. This approach would also be used for defining the services, which are customizable and would be providing the feedbacks to the users at the end by means of alerts or warnings. Fig 2: Multi-Level Smart City Architecture The figure provided above shows the primary sources of the generating the information. The Raw data which are generally sensed by the sensor nodes is sent to the Level 1 architecture of the Smart city by using the communication service and this is further associated with performing processing of the information in the future. The levels have been discussed in details in the following section of this report. Level 1: Collection of the data: The collected data is stored for the purpose of further processings in this level. The data is generally collected from various types of sensors. Data is collected in different forms and is then converted into a common format. Level 2: Processing of the data: In this level the information which has been gathered from the previous level is then summarized before the transmission, analysis and fusion fusions in the next levels by suing the web related technologies. The main objective includes the conversion of the collected data into a common format, which might include the Resource Description Framework or the RDF. This is one of the most common ways, which can be used in order to exchange the information over the web, and this is also associated with facilitating the sharing of heterogeneous data and the integration for the different smart cites [37]. This is also associated with defining the metadata about the resources present in the web. Along with this various software also might use the RDF for the purpose of reasoning the operations in an intelligent way. Level 3: Reasoning and aggregation of the data: Semantic web technologies is associated with exploiting the domain specific data which is based upon the concepts as well as the relationship that exists between the concepts. Web ontology language or the OEL is generally used for the purpose of publishing the ontologies. OWL is an RDF graph is built by making use of the RDF and the ontologies. This is associated with allowing the classification of the individuals or the concepts, which are based on the different classes. This also provides two types of properties, this can be used in order to form various relationships that exists between different classes, and this includes the property of the data and the property of the object. After the classification of the data is completed, then it is further enriched with the experts of the domain and the uncertain reasonings. here the Dempster-Shafer would be used for recognizing the activities and learn the new rules in the particular domain of the discourse [36]. The Dempster-Shafer is used for combining the data of the sensors from various smart cities. This would greatly help in the learning of the new technologies by making use of uncertain reasoning, which would be assisting in achieving an intelligent smart system. SPARQL is an RDF query language which is used for the purpose of query, retrieving and manipulating the data or the record which are stored in the format of RDF. After the database is used or provided in the form of RDF triples then the SPARQL would be enabling the query and retrieval of the data in the same format. Initially this level would be motivating towards the fusion of information at low level. The new rules, which would be learnt by this process of extraction of the context information at the high level from the raw data of the sensors, would be stored. This would be used for building up of the knowledge in the architecture of the Smart city. Level 4: Alerts and control of the device: The data which has been obtained from the level 3 can be used by different web applications for various operating condition which are intelligent in nature. The data, which has been inferred, can be utilized in different ways, which might include the input or the output, messages, alerts and the warnings. A very important role is played by the communication for achieving the concept of the smart city. The figure which has been provided below is associated with showing the communication services which are existing and this is used in a Smart city infrastructure which might include the 3G, LTE, Wi-Fi, WiMAX and many more. The main aim includes the connection of all sort of things, which would be helping in the making of the life of the citizens more comfortable as well as safe [38]. The combination of the smart city and the communication technologies would be associated with making the cities much more secure and provide a convenient infrastructure for living in a better way. Fig 3: The communication system in a Smart city The figure provided below shows the customized services present in a smart city. This can be better understood by the use of an example that is in case of eth vehicle and the health domains combination of the sensor data is done in order to measure the impacts of the driver health parameters on driving conditions. For cases which involve the environment an administration domain, the low-level information which is collected from eth environment domain and includes thing like the temperature and eth water level would be helping in driving the customization of the high-level information. Whenever a high-level customized information is combined with the services related to city administration then it would be greatly helping in the saving of lives. In a similar way for the industrial sector, the context-aware services would be obtained by means of heterogeneous fusion of the data and this would be greatly helping in the creation of a safe working environment by the workers of the factory. Conclusion A revolution has taken place in the idea of smart city and has evolved totally into a new era assisted by recent developments in the ICT which has combined the wireless sensor networks and also the computer networks. The main aim of this report includes the addressing of some of the services which are customizable in a Smart city environment. This is generally done by making use of the semantic modeling and the Dempster-Shafere theory. Along with this by making of the Dempster-Shafer approach in the architecture of smart city would be helping in addressing the various uncertainty aspects in the smart city and this would also help in focusing on the important areas of the smart city environment. It has been seen that that the IoT is associated with bringing various changes in the daily lives of everyone. Which is initially responsible for helping in making the lives of people much easier and more comfortable. Various technologies and applications are used in the smart cities for perfo rming various functions the usefulness of IoT is innumerable. However, with the benefits there also exists some disadvantage of the IoT while using it in the smart cities. It can also be concluded that the real application of the IoT in the smart cities is still in its infancy phase. However, the potential of the IoT has been identified which initially not makes it much more hard to imagine the services that would be provided in the future. References: Khan, R., Khan, S. U., Zaheer, R., Khan, S. (2012, December). Future internet: the internet of things architecture, possible applications and key challenges. InFrontiers of Information Technology (FIT), 2012 10th International Conference on(pp. 257-260). IEEE. Caragliu, A., Del Bo, C., Nijkamp, P. (2011). Smart cities in Europe.Journal of Urban Technology, 18(2), 6582. Lazaroiu, G. C., Roscia, M. (2012). Definition methodology for the smart cities model.Energy, 47(1), 326332. Lee, J. H., Hancock, M. G., Hu, M. C. (2014). Towards an effective framework for building smart cities: Lessons from Seoul and San Francisco.Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 89, 8099. Jong, M., Joss, S., Schraven, D., Zhan, C., Weijnen, M. (2015). Sustainablesmartresilientlow carbonecoknowledge cities; making sense of a multitude of concepts promoting sustainable urbanization.Journal of Cleaner Production, 109, 2538. Marsal-Llacuna, M. L., Colomer-Llins, J., Melndez-Frigola, J. (2015). Lessons in urban monitoring taken from sustainable and livable cities to better address the smart cities initiative.Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 90, 611622. Lazaroiu, G. C., Roscia, M. (2012). Definition methodology for the smart cities model.Energy, 47(1), 326332. Harrison, C., Eckman, B., Hamilton, R., Hartswick, P., Kalagnanam, J., Paraszczak, J., Williams, P. (2010). Foundations for smarter cities.IBM Journal of Research and Development, 54(4), 116. Carvalho, L., Campos, J. B. (2013). Developing the PlanIT Valley: A view on the governance and societal embedding of u-eco city pilots.International Journal of Knowledge-Based Development, 4(2), 109125. Angelidou, M. (2015). Smart cities: A conjuncture of four forces.Cities, 47, 95106 Schaffers, H., Komninos, N., Pallot, M., Trousse, B., Nilsson, M., Oliveira, A. (2011). Smart cities and the future internet: Towards cooperation frameworks for open innovation. InThe future internet assembly(pp. 431446). Berlin: Springer. Kramers, A., Hjer, M., Lvehagen, N., Wangel, J. (2014). Smart sustainable citiesexploring ICT solutions for reduced energy use in cities.Environmental Modelling Software, 56, 5262. Nam, T., Pardo, T. A. (2011). Conceptualizing smart city with dimensions of technology, people, and institutions. In Proceedings of the 12th annual international digital government research conference: Digital government innovation in challenging times (pp. 282291). ACM. Dizdaroglu, D., Yigitcanlar, T. (2016). Integrating urban ecosystem sustainability assessment into policy-making: Insights from the gold Coast City.Journal of Environmental Planning and Management, 59(11), 19822006. Roy, M. (2009). Planning for sustainable urbanisation in fast growing cities: Mitigation and adaptation issues addressed in Dhaka, Bangladesh.Habitat International, 33(3), 276286. Ahvenniemi, H., Huovila, A., Pinto-Sepp, I., Airaksinen, M. (2017). What are the differences between sustainable and smart cities?Cities, 60, 234245. Hiremath, R. B., Balachandra, P., Kumar, B., Bansode, S. S., Murali, J. (2013). Indicator-based urban sustainability: A review.Energy for Sustainable Development, 17(6), 555563. Dhingra, M., Chattopadhyay, S. (2016). Advancing smartness of traditional settlements-case analysis of Indian and Arab old cities.International Journal of Sustainable Built Environment, 5(2), 549563. Carrillo, J., Yigitcanlar, T., Garcia, B., Lonnqvist, A. (2014).Knowledge and the city: Concepts, applications and trends of knowledge-based urban development. New York: Routledge. Kondepudi, S. N. (2014). Smart sustainable cities analysis of definitions. 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Theodoridis, E., Mylonas, G., Chatzigiannakis, I. (2013, July). Developing an iot smart city framework. InInformation, intelligence, systems and applications (iisa), 2013 fourth international conference on(pp. 1-6). IEEE. Miorandi, D., Sicari, S., De Pellegrini, F., Chlamtac, I. (2012). Internet of things: Vision, applications and research challenges.Ad hoc networks,10(7), 1497-1516. Kyriazis, D., Varvarigou, T., White, D., Rossi, A., Cooper, J. (2013, June). Sustainable smart city IoT applications: Heat and electricity management Eco-conscious cruise control for public transportation. InWorld of Wireless, Mobile and Multimedia Networks (WoWMoM), 2013 IEEE 14th International Symposium and Workshops on a(pp. 1-5). IEEE. Scuotto, V., Ferraris, A., Bresciani, S. (2016). Internet of Things: Applications and challenges in smart cities: a case study of IBM smart city projects.Business Process Management Journal,22(2), 357-367. Chen, S., Xu, H., Liu, D., Hu, B., Wang, H. (2014). 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Supply Chain Management Ups Essay Example

Supply Chain Management Ups Essay SCM Transport| The Super Transport System| SCM Transport| The Super Transport System| Table of Contents Introduction * Transport * United Parcel Service Overview * Industry Impacts * Industry Overview 2009 2010 * Competition * Customers * Organisation of the System * Movement of freight * Conclusion * United Parcel Service To transport people or services in the twenty first century, the process can either be a long haul one or a short crisp and clean journey, of course depending on what exactly is being transported and where the point of origin is and the final destination. Supply Chain Management is the procedure by which this is done â€Å" moving from one location to another, safely, conveniently, and as economically as possible. Goods must be moved to a point of Distribution in order to be made available to the ultimate customer. † Lennon, SCM Transportation 2010 Transportation Transportation and logistics are crucial to our economy and society. As well as been responsible for the process of moving people and goods, the worlds transportation and logistics service is accountable for the creation of many concepts and inspiration for new technology. Transport is the means or process by which people and goods are moved from one location to customers, safely, conveniently and as economically as possible. Logistics, The Stores, Inventory Control, Transport and Distribution Aspect. McInerney, 2000 From the invention of the first steam engine to the twenty first century fuel powered aircraft, express vessels and even transportation to outer space our economy has improved immensely with expertise and knowledge always improving in relation to transportation. Currently there is a great variation in the market for both domestic and industrial usage. We will write a custom essay sample on Supply Chain Management Ups specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Supply Chain Management Ups specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Supply Chain Management Ups specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Time is no longer a problem when it comes to moving from one continent to another. It only takes a matter of hours compared to the long process which once took months. Communication worldwide has benefited from these improvements and this has a knock on effect on businesses. Different communities and societies now correspond with each other, transportation is always generating relations and theses relations have a major role in our society, in development, social, regional and economic consistency in the world. From every standpoint in a business operation a well organised and competent arrangement of transportation is vital. Manufacturers, customers and finally the consumer all need a reliable efficient system in place so that they can operate from. The manufacturer entails transport in both an inbound and outbound manner. A good system in this example will result in less capital engaged in stock because supplies can be acquired faster; therefore the manufactures company at large will have a better cash flow system. Also a cheaper rate of transportation will mean the company will have a higher profit margin and their chance of succeeding will increase. To the world at arge there are many advantages of an efficient transportation system including new markets, increased standard of living, etc as well as some weaknesses such as exploiting of inferior nations and the impact on nature along with many other predicaments. Elements of an idyllic transport arrangement are determined by expenses, safety, speed, convenience, flexibility and reliability, these elements come considered when choosing a mode of transp ort. On all sides of the globe there are many different means of transportation. They comprise of the well known road, rail, air, water and the lesser known pipeline, cable and space. The selection of the most appropriate style of transportation from the manufacture to the end customer or the movement of basically anything or anybody involves these elements of the transportation arrangement. In correspondence with the transport system at large and taking all the elements of an excellent operated system the author decided to base her report on a logistics servicing company with an extensive assortment of transportation, e-commerce in addition to many business services. The company is identified as United Parcel Service (UPS) and is part of the world’s leading logistics operators. The author, in this report will focus on the corporation’s transportation system throughout the world. United Parcel Service Overview The company UPS is a well known reputable business which was established in 1907 by teenager named Jim Casey. The proposal for the company was recognised when the founder was employed by a private messaging company in Seattle, America. Whilst working there Casey recognised how the mailing services were inefficient. Little did he know that his initiative would launch the world’s largest small-package carrier company. From 1913, the business expanded and developed their potential. They no longer bound themselves to work with just mail but they introduced large packages, then motor vehicles, then deliveries for vendors and merchandisers and then the shipping of parcels. Between the late seventies and early eighties, UPS began shipping parcels worldwide. To ignore dilemmas and jeopardise relations with their customers they avoided using commercial aircraft and set up their own airline business. Currently their position is the â€Å"9th largest airline in the world†. http://www. wikinvest. om/stock/United_Parcel_Service_(UPS) UPS was first established in the American state of Washington and found themselves operating in a company that was capitalized with $100 in debt. The company spread from eastern USA to the mid-west, from Los Angeles to New York the company soon spread to all parts of the States. Beginning with their first plane in 1952 to creating their iconic logos the company that is UP S always represented stability and is a highly regarded efficient operation. UPS constantly grows each year and is always at a bid to try and improve their services. Industry Impacts The author is without doubt positive that this industry of transportation was sure to occur. Along with FedEx and some other competitors UPS commenced the operation of this industry. Constantly it is been pushed to higher grades, the next day delivery is a prime example. Previous to UPS AND FedEx the industry simply didn’t exist. The delivery of packages and documents was carried out by a haphazard system of carriers consisting of trucks, trains and aircraft that were often operated by independent entities. Neither speed nor reliability was a hallmark of this system. SRI International 2001, Global Impact of FedEx on the New Economy Industry Overview 2009 2010 Economic health is a key determinant of mail and package capacity. If the economy is not healthy, then the volume of domestic packages with in the U. S, to international packages, and onto freight and supply chain is reduced and UPS and others in their industry likewise. 2009: UPS and many other companies alike in their industry had a pessimistic outlook on their corporations mainly during the years 2008 and early 2009 because of the downturn in the world’s economy. Weaknesses lay all over the world, from Europe to Asia and American all suffered from this slowdown. It resulted in countless companies, from retailers to internet sources having a decrease in sales, and to the individuals that also availed of UPS’s services financially notable to pay for the services of USP. The demand for packages diminished. Some workplaces put up the shutters, whilst others put in place dramatic cutbacks as funds were not available for them and this directly affected UPS in 2008 and partly 2009. However because UPS had created a strong brand name, a good standing n the market and an excellent operations system in place they overcame the collapse of the worldwide market. Also the evacuation of some minor league competitors resulted in an overall enhancement for USP. From mid 2009 onwards the company reaped the rewards of profits suffered earlier in the year, the volume of packages increased. Average daily volume for next day air increased 2. 8% over 2008 levels. Ground volume demonstrated an improving trend over the previous quarters despite a 2. 9% decline in the fourth quarter compared with 2008. -http://www. wikinvest. com/stock/United_Parcel_Service_(UPS) 2010: After an improvement in 2010, UPS has progressed even further in 2010. Profits are highly cyclical as they rely on a strong American, European and Asian Market and are growing even further into the undeveloped markets. For the first quarter of 2010, revenue increased by 7% to $11. 7 billion since the previous years first quarter. This was mainly due to increases in yield and operating leverage. The overall increases in operating leverage were due to overall growth in all business segments, most notably the growth in the international package and supply chain business. Higher revenues were also due to increases in base pricing and higher fuel surcharges. Higher prices were possible due to the recovery from the 2008-2010 recessions. In the overall, net income increased by 37% UPS expects these increases to continue throughout the year, producing substantial revenue growth from recessionary levels. Wiki Analysis -http://www. wikinvest. com/stock/United_Parcel_Service_(UPS) Competition The UPS Corporation is a multibillion dollar enterprise with over 200,000 employees. In their industry of transportation and logistics UPS has only three chief contenders, FedEx, DHL and United States Postal Service (USPS). Between the four companies they provide equal services, however their ifferences lies in the prices, which is an apparent point of competition, but is only an issue in undeveloped markets. Also the availability of the service provider in specific locations is another distinction. Competition is rigid, but because of the vast investment devoted by each of the companies there is only a few major competitors. FedEx currently stands as UPS ’s biggest competition. They are the only treat to UPS as they could manage to outsize them in this industry. They offer the exact same services, and both operate in the same league but the scale of operation between the two rivals is different. However FedEx has the reputation for being much more expensive in relation to their products. DHL is another key contender for UPS. This company mainly operates from their base country of Germany and is involved in the traditional postal services. As well as that they offer an array of services, whether you are shipping across town country or continent. They also hold with them the title of being the world’s largest logistics provider. As of now the European market for UPS is on a rise so warms up the competition for both companies even further. United States Postal Service (USPS) is a direct competitor of UPS, however they have come together to operate a win-win situation for both companies. UPS partnered with the US Postal Service to offer UPS Mail Innovations, a program that allows UPS to pick up mail and transfers it to a USPS center, or destination delivery point (DDU), for final distribution. http://www. sooperarticles. com/business-articles/fedex-express-competitors-19758. html As well as these main competitors, UPS also battles their market share out with operators such as Canada Post, Royal Mail, Japan Post, and many other postal, cargo and courier companies. Customers Many individuals and business use UPS to send or receive vital information. The overnight service which UPS provides is popular as some fundamental transactions for business may have to be prepared or concluded. Other companies utilize the service to send apparatus and mechanical equipment which may be required instantly to keep industrial units and technology in operation. Overall there is a demand for urgent mail, packages, and freight transportation worldwide. Any transportation company will have a wide variety of customers, and UPS’s include entertainment, banking, science, construction, insurance, gambling, telecommunications, housing, legal, data processing, education, manufacturing, retail, medical and even the steel industry. For ever customer, there is a specific need, UPS addresses these needs and examine the characteristics of the product and get an understanding of the best mode of transportation for the customer and their goods, destination is too considered and the customer can undertake the application process online and decide and choose for themselves the best option for them. As UPS falls into the service industry a key issue for them is to create and maintain good customer relations, this leads onto customer loyalty with the brand of UPS, the company then can observe a growth in profits, now they can avail of the opportunity to escalate and advance and as a service industry employees must understand the importance these good relations. Just of late September 2010, UPS launched a fresh logistics television advertisement campaign. UPS wanted to show potential customers its passion for transportation and supply chains solutions, what it calls â€Å"New Logistics† and it especially wants to bring the message of growth opportunity to small business. www. social medianinfluence. com Skepys, 2010, The company wants to promote themselves even more to the world; they are ever increasing and want to work with almost everyone and every business, as in this television campaign they are reaching out to the small to medium sized businesses. Organisation of the System The author has reported extensively on the external factors which have shaped UPS accordingly. The author has now chosen to write on some of the internal aspects which form the operation of the corporation. As already shown earlier in the report UPS have numerous transportation modes which include air, surface, charter and hand carry. Many service options are available to all customers to meet their needs. The process that UPS must entail to do this naturally depends on factors about the goods. UPS has access to transport i. e. aircrafts, ships, railways and road transport all across our globe, but the consumers needs depends on which option the company feels best suits the situation at hand. As stated UPS’s website You get the benefits of our vast network of transport options, specialised equipment, proactive communication, advanced tracking and worldwide research. www. ups. com If a customer wishes to send a package anywhere across the world with UPS, this is possible as there is no restrictions with them. Since UPS was first established over one hundred years ago technology has evolved so much that via the World Wide Web anybody can create shipments, imports, and returns. They can also calculate time and cost view charges, plan to have their shipments collected, view locations and history and all at the comfort of their own home or workplace. UPS basic principles in relation to transporting goods are * Domestic parcels which are made up of post i. e. letters and packages. These can be transported anywhere throughout the USA. * UPS deliver to over 200 counties worldwide and they categorise this sector into International Packages, any type of package is suitable to be transported. UPS operate a supply chain and freight sector, it comprises of UPS’s logistics business providers in more than 175 countries throughout the globe. The author decided first to refer to the tracking service which UPS functions. Tracking a package allows the consumer to monitor the status and location of their item. The process is quite simple to use. The process is quite simple to use. Via the internet the customer can track by tracking number, by reference and email and they can even obtain signature evidence of delivery. The system of tracking has positive effects; it means the customer will be able to have an enhanced controlled time management structure in place. Movement of Freight Road: Following tracking the author decided to focus on UPS and their movement of freight. UPS moves goods using their transport methods from their point of origin to their final destination. Depending on where the freight is destined for is related to the type of transport used, also factors such as volume, weight and purpose of the goods conveys the mode of transport used. First the author chose to write about freight travelling via land, as globally this is the most common method used. Two methods for this type of transportation can be used; the first option involves using UPS services or other logistic firms. This method is basic and it involves the logistics firm, e. g. UPS picking up the goods, and delivering them via lorry’s or vans. Throughout America and vast parts of the world, UPS is well recognised by their famous Pullman brown coloured trucks and vans. Railway: The second method of land transportation is to avail of the railway service. UPS provide this option to their customers as they believe it is lucrative and loyal preference. Railways transportation is generally used for long distance journeys for heavy goods, and it is by and large only effective for customers whom use it for them purposes. As using trains for transportation only suits a minority if the market this means more and more customers use the service of UPS road transportation as it involves less hassle, is an inexpensive method and overall is a much better approach as they are direct deliveries. However, as the author already stated the selection for which mode of transport to avail of depends on the goods themselves, e. g. iron ore would be best transported via railway in comparison to mail with more be more effective to be transported via road. Rail transportation is able to travel at higher speeds, carry a much larger capacity, have fewer delays as traffic is never an issue and they can deal with almost all weather conditions, as well as being safe and very secure. UPS provide climate controlled containers for specific goods which may be perishable e. g. ood, flowers, as well as their ordinary containers suitable for normal goods. Ships: As well as transporting via roads and railway, UPS also uses waterways and the sea to transport their customer’s goods. The mode of transportation used is ships. The goods are enclosed in containers, which are then placed safely and correctly onto ships and then moved to different locations. This method is viable for long distance journeys and has a reputation for being the cheapest form of transportation if there is a vast volume of goods been shipped. Rivers, lakes and oceans are used in this transportation. This system is logical for UPS to use as they have a wide customer base and the volume of goods to be transported is there. The only disadvantage of shipping is it is not adequate for fast movement of goods, nonetheless the movement of goods by means of waterways and the sea has many advantages and shipping is a highly competitive service industry. From the UPS website the company shows their customers how they organise this complex system: We are the experts at managing complex transportation networks, dedicated fleets, and multi-modal shipments. We can deliver orders anywhere through our global network. Our freight container shipping services can bring those parts together to make managing your supply chain simpler. * FCL Container Shipping (Full Container Load) Our comprehensive NVOCC* services provide frequent departures at competitive rates for full container load (FCL) shipments from major ports around the world. * LCL Container Shipping (Less-Than-Container Load) When you dont have enough cargo for a full container, we offer less-than-container load (LCL) service between major ports worldwide. ttp://www. ups. com/content/us/en/shipping/container-shipping. html As there are two options available to customers regarding shipping this means that UPS understand their customer’s needs and have adjusted to these needs by providing both options. Airplanes: The final and successful freight transportation option that UPS offers to their customers is Air transport. This is a good method to use if time is of the essence an d this system can be used within or between countries, basically air transportation can happen anywhere throughout the world. Air transport is known for its speed for both the movement of people and goods, but with this speed comes high costs. UPS runs all their own aircraft to all major cities worldwide and this is constantly improving as their geographic locations are expanding as well as their customer base. Air transport is limited to what type of goods it can carry. Generally its purpose is for unpreserved goods that are urgent to their final destination, e. g. edicine, documents, flowers or food rather than high capacitated and dangerous goods. Conclusion After accomplishing the task of evaluating a unique area of SCM transport with an aspect of logistics transport included the author concluded that the company United Parcel Service (UPS) is amongst one of the world’s largest and leading logistic operators. UPS is an admirable company which has excelled in over one hundred years of business and the author deems this company to glimmer in the future even more. As technology has evolved over the past, so has UPS as they constantly upgrade their services and work with their customers to meet their needs with the extensive assortment of services which they provide. In the report the author focused on some external features that influence the workings of UPS as a whole and the internal factors which shaped the company’s reputation as been the leaders of the pack in the logistics world. UPS adds much value to both domestic usage and businesses surrounding us. They make things possible for us and overall have perfected the express transportation network. THE END! Word count= 3,438

American History Critical Analysis free essay sample

History Critical Analysis In the story American History the character Elena seems to be very studious and an innocent girl but deep down she is very insecure and ashamed of various aspects in her life. Her character traits seem to constantly relate back to the embarrassment she feels of herself. She has plans for her future which seems to be her only worry until Eugene moves in next store. Elena is a very intelligent young girl and a hard worker when it comes to her school and education. Although her grades are high, she still cannot be placed in honors classes because English isnt her first language. Eugene was in honors classes for all his subjects, classes that were not open to me because English was not my first language, though I was a straight A student (Cofer 34). Elena has a hidden longing to excel in school and better herself with her classes and education. We will write a custom essay sample on American History Critical Analysis or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This is very important to her because she wants to be successful so that she can eventually leave El Building. But since she cannot due to her culture and language, it holds her back from doing her best to strive for the goals and high standards that she has set for herself. Elena is not very expressive she seems to keep to herself often and not show her inner emotions as easily as some do when they open themselves up publicly. Elena expresses her insecurities in a concealed way, she doesnt seek for attention or compliments to help feel better about herself. I hated my skinny flat chested body, and I envied the black girls who could jump rope so fast that their legs became a blur (33). Elena has a low self esteem especially with her appearance and capabilities to achieve, she has a lack of confidence which leads her to be very self judging. Most of Elenas time was spent either at school or in her room of El Building. Elena had a fire escape in her room which was right above her neighbors house. I had a view of their kitchen and their backyard, and though I could not hear what they said, I knew when they were arguing, when one of them was sick, and many other things (33). She would take close notice to her neighbors and became infatuated with the way that they lived. I could see his place from my window in El Building. In fact, if I sat on the fire escape I was literally suspended above Eugenes backyard (33). Elena felt like she became part of their family without them knowing, she would watch them and feel this way because she does want to live in a normal home, like her neighbors do. She doesnt specifically say she wishes to be or live like them but her fascination shows her secretly wanted life style that she cannot have. The way she lives, in El Building isnt the same as living in a private and quiet house. Elena has too much pride for her family to ever actually share her slight embarrassment towards the fact that she lives in El Building. Elena not only is embarrassed but also ashamed of herself and where she lives. El Building wasnt the prettiest sight according to Elena, I thrust my books out a silly gesture that embarrassed me almost immediately. You live there? ; She pointed to El Building which looked particularly ugly, like a gray prison with its dirty windows and rusty fire escapes (38). She doesnt necessarily have to say that she doesnt like living in El building she just hints toward her disliking for it. The light through the large kitchen window of his house told me that El Building blocked the sun to such an extent that they had to turn lights on in the middle of the day. I felt ashamed about it. She even says that she doesnt plan to stay in El Building, As for me, I was going to go to college and become a teacher (35). Shes got her mind set on getting out of El Building to somewhere that fits her standards, which is why she wants to succeed. Once Elena is on her own, doing what she enjoys, in her home of choice, it could potentially be more satisfying for herself. Elena should feel more accomplished rather than ashamed or embarrassed when that time comes. Elenas insecurities do get the best of her which makes her more of a pessimist later in the story. I was ready to for rejection, snobbery, the worst (34). She always seems to think the worst of situations because of her insecurities and self judgement. She has become quite use to being made fun of by the other girls in her school. Therefor, when meeting Eugene she expected the same treatment from Eugene. Elenas low self esteem issues play a part in how she expects to be treated by others. Its a given that she is embarrassed of herself, so when people as nice as Eugene come along she was surprised by his kindness because its not something she is use to. Elena is envious of some of the other girls in her school who are capable of doing things that she is not, such as jump rope. I envied the black girls who could jump rope so fast that their legs became a blur (33). She wished to be more like these girls because she is too insecure about herself and her body. Since she cares what these girls think of her, when they make fun of her for not being able to do what they do, she is hurt and probably feels worse about herself. Elena starts to lower her self esteem when hurtful things are said to her because shes embarrassed of herself and inability to do things that others can. Elenas innocence is shown all throughout the story. She is a very sensitive girls whos feelings are easily hurt. I felt burning on my cheeks and then my glasses fogged up so that I could not manage to coordinate the jump rope with Gail. She lets minor things get to her and make her emotional. But the tears that came up from a deep place inside me were strictly for me (38) Elena however is not emotional for the death of her president but for the embarrassing encounter she went through with Eugenes mother. When Elena is put it in a bad personal situation she becomes maudlin. Elena is too young and immature to understand the importance of the death of her president, but she doesnt know any better because of her age. At this point she could only be emotional over her own personal issues. Though I wanted to feel the right way about President Kennedys death, I could not fight the feeling of elation that stirred in my chest (37). She doesnt know the difference between what should be considered important and what should not because her embarrassment towards many different things doesnt give her a clear outlook as to what she really should be worried about when she is worrying in her head, about her personal self. Hence, Elena is a brilliant young girl with hidden insecurities that get the

secrets unrevealed essays

secrets unrevealed essays The first study of clandestine operations was initiated 1988 in hopes of learning about the relationship between the President and the intelligence committees of Congress. Stephan F. Knott, an Assistance Professor of Political Science at the Untied States Air Force Academy, picked up this study of clandestine operations. In Knott's recently published book (1996) Secret and Sanctioned, he unveils the reality that not only were clandestine operations in the Cold War recently, been had also been used in times dating back to our Forefathers. Knott's account of covert operations involving some of our most admired leaders (George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, Abraham Lincoln etc.) gives clear evidence that even the most admired respected of our leaders weren't completely honest dealers. The fact that covert operations were undoubtedly active in the times our Forefathers are illustrated within the realm of Secret and Sanctioned. Knott's main purpose in writing this book was to notify his audience that the age-old tradition of clandestine operations wasn't started with a new generation of politicians, but had been embedded within the political system since the beginning of the American Revolution. Knott worked with several well-educated professors in research of his book, he consulted many different sources such as Professor Dennis Hale, a chairman of the Political Science Department at Boston College and Arthur S. Hulnik a professor of International Relations at Boston College as his resources of information about American intelligence activity. Stephan F. Knott details several different cases in which covert operations were throughout the years. His first subject was the covert operations, which involved George Washington's plan to capture William the IVth, the heir to the throne of England while had authorized on his stay in the states in March of 1782. Washington had authorized three kidnappings, that of Benedict Arnold, Sir Henry C...

Theme and Narrative Elements in the Short Story Essay - 6

Theme and Narrative Elements in the Short Story - Essay Example of Phoenix illustrated her determination to attain her goals of medicine and paper windmill, which symbolized the frailty of the white mans gift of freedom. The plot and setting of A Worn Path depict the arduous journey of black slaves toward redemption from slavery. The exposition focuses on the character of Phoenix Jackson, who represents black slaves. The complication of the plot is the struggle of Phoenix against herself and her environment. First, she is already old, even too old for her journey, which she admits: â€Å"I the oldest people I ever know† (Welty, 1941, par. 25). She cannot even properly see where she is heading, yet she relies on her poor eyesight and memory to arrive at her destination. Her age stands for the length of time of the slaves struggle for freedom; she can no longer tell how long anymore. Her physical degradation, furthermore, represents the physical consequences of slavery. Second, Phoenix also struggles with her surroundings or society. The setting presents diverse obstacles to freedom. The â€Å"foxes, owls, beetles, jack rabbits, coons and wild animals† in her way represent all the kinds of people, whites and blacks alike, who oppose the slaves pursuit of freedom. The thorny bush is also an example of what the black race needed to endure in their â€Å"endless struggle† (Sykes, 1998, p.151). The climax occurs when it seems that Phoenix has forgotten her journeys purpose. This â€Å"forgetting† is a form of situational irony, where it would have been a great waste of time and effort, if Phoenix could not achieve her mission. This â€Å"forgetting† can also be paralleled to the passivity in the blacks â€Å"waiting† for their freedom. In a way, waiting patiently for their freedom also evokes a lackadaisical response from the whites. Situational irony takes place once more; the more patient the blacks were, the more the whites exploited them. The resolution of the plot takes place when Phoenix remembers her gift to her grandson, the

Essay 6 in one single spaced full page + the identifications

6 in one single spaced full page + the identifications - Essay Example Asians migrated to America many years ago because of galleon trade. American merchants traded with China through Canton port in 19th Century. The Chinese immigrants comprised of 10% population of California and 25% that of Idaho due to attraction from railway construction, mining and fishing industries. Japanese concentrated in farming in California, and their immigration to the United States evolved in 1880s. They lived in ethnic Clusters. Diplomacy of immigration was really concerned with the consequences of keeping some people out and therefore, diplomatic establishment was made in 1924 partially to facilitate immigration. Italian: Before 1850, the Italians immigrants from Mediterranean were widely disbursed but in a small population. Most of them were from Central and Northern Italy largely concentrating in New Orleans. After 1880, most of the Italians from Wales currently referred to as the Mezzogiorno of northwest Europe entered US through New York concentrating in New England, Chicago and Mid-Atlantic states. Greeks: Greeks who had strong ties with Greece brought their Orthodox Churches to America in 1890s although more than half returned to Greece. They created ethnic niches in the restaurant business. Arabs and Armenians: The Armenian population was larger around Turkish Genocide time in 1915 and only 2 mosques were built before 1930 by the small Muslim population. Most of these immigrants were Syrians and Lebanese. The Poles: more than 26 ethnic groups settled in cities of N.E and Great lakes e.g. Detroit, Cleveland and Chicago. These were especially Europeans peasants. Most of the immigrants were laborers Roman Catholics, but there were no Poland in the year 1795 to 1919. Before 1880, 250000 Jews fled to US because of religious persecution, most German descent and 50,000 from East Europe. By 1924, 4 million Jews had fled to US 3 million of Eastern European descent. Most of them were young

Consumer behaviour in the ethnic food market Personal Statement

Consumer behaviour in the ethnic food market - Personal Statement Example This kind of liberty has somehow made the process intimidating. Writing a dissertation primarily entails the hard task of simultaneously coming up with a significant design. At the start, I have to let myself be open to every input such as lectures and class discussions, books and articles I read, might as well to journals I encountered. To refrain from losing the important facts and information, I have to put things that interest me into a journal. I've also tried doing some sort of research or survey wherein I have asked elder students and even faculties on what types of topics did they have for dissertation and have let them share their experiences as they come along the process. Their stories have somehow served as my inspiration and a challenge to do my best with such tedious and get fulfilling task. These motivations and the knowledge that my study could be of great contribution and significance in the future researches had kept me going. With my limited knowledge on major scholarly topics that are most important in my field, and having the great topics already used up; I have to do some general reading in the field to come up with a significant and original topic. ... Considering the scope manageability and the significance of the continuously rising Halal market particularly in Tesco retail setting, we have agreed that I should focus on that topic. With the help of my tutor, I manage to have a firm grasp of the facts in my case, and have been dedicated to answer vital "why" and "how" questions within the topic. Trends and outcomes in ethic food marketing, as well as their causes must be dealt with despite their apparent unavailability. Dissertation involves series of intricate process that needs full attention, hard work, and consistency. Coming up with the mere title is rather challenging. The author must come up with a clear, succinct, simple yet fully explanatory and can perfectly reflect the content of the whole document. After long reflection, several rejections and experts advice, I finally came up with the title "Consumer Behavior in the Ethnic Food Market", believing that it will best suit my topic in the clearest and simplest manner. This is then succeeded with review of literature, a considerably long part of the whole paper that supposed to provide the reader with a summary of the current knowledge related to the topic to be studied. I have learned to utilize all great facilities in the universities. After filing some initial paperwork from graduate school, I immediately began with my review of literature. Reading thru all the files I have gathered, I was somewhat disappointed to find out that some of it was actually irrelevant if not far from what I should focus on. I must have been very eager to gather an enormous information by only looking at their titles and carelessly browsing its contents, that I have failed to realize that I those would just take me out of my topic.

The History Of Why Bother?

The History Of Why Bother? The Temperatures are rising, carbon emissions are increasing, ice caps are melting at a faster rate than most scientists expected and planet earth is experiencing ecological and environmental issues due to global warming. Earth as we know it might change drastically in the next couple of decades and it is our responsibility to preserve the environment and preserve earth. Michael Pollans Why Bother opens the readers eyes in a powerful manor to global warming and related environmental issues. Pollan uses rhetorical strategies such as current and past events, logos and pathos to persuade the reader to bother(218) and start thinking of the environment as an issue that involves all of the people. Pollan approaches the reader from different standing points as he addresses each counter argument and gives the reasons of why people should bother. Pollan argues that despite the fact that our plant is at risk because of carbon emissions, we(the people) have not done anything to stop it. It is this passive attitude, Pollan argues, that prevents us from helping our planet. Michael Pollen quotes Wendell Berry saying that the deep standing problem behind all the other problems of industrial civilization is specialization(87). It is this specialization that causes people to play only one role in society and that they cannot expand to other field which they are not familiar with. In other words, people do not waste their time on environmental issues because they do not believe that it is their job to do so. The author urges the reader to liberate from the cheap-energy mind (120) and for once try to make a difference in the world. Pollan suggests that the best way of being green is to plant a garden. Although Pollan suggests many other ways of being green in his article such as purchasing a hybrid car, walking to work, or even changin g your light bulbs to candescent type like Al Gore suggested in An Inconvenient Truth, none of these ideas will reduce [peoples] sense of dependence (182) or reduce carbon footprint as much as a garden would! Pollan hopes that a persons decision of being green would influence another person which in turn would create a huge chain reaction. Pollan effectively uses examples of current and past events throughout the article to show the reader how big the problem is. He uses Al Gores An Inconvenient Truth which is a familiar documentary to most readers to support his argument and to give the reader a hint about what his article is going to be about. Pollan makes a connection with the reader when he describes his own feeling about the documentary when saying Al Gore scared the hell out of me, constructing an utterly convincing case that the very survival of life on earth as we know it is threatened by climate change.(4) Pollan also references the analysis of Wendell Berry, a Kentucky farmer and writer, to support his argument of the peoples dependency for solutions on specialists. He points to the people who fund and support environmental organizations while polluting the environment in their everyday life. Pollan notes that the people will not change and think about the environment unless they overcome the double personali ties in their believes and behaviors. All this comes down to the moral prospective of each person and his inner consciousness to identify clearly what is wrong around him with regard to the impact on the environment. Pollan uses logos in a powerful manor to convince the reader of adopting a green life-style. He tries to influence the reader by presenting the scientists projections about global warming that seemed dire a decade ago to have been unduly optimistic.(48) as the melting of the ice caps are occurring at a faster rate than expected. Pollan effectively uses a set of words to describe the boost of the rate of change to the melting down of the ice caps such as terrifying, threatening and scary to influence the reader and think more seriously about global warming. Pollan then ends with a question to keep the reader thinking about global warming, he says have you looked into the eyes of a climate scientist recently? They look really scared.(53) Another strategy which Pollan excels is the use of pathos to convey his point and to reinforce and strengthen his argument. Pollan engages with the reader in a set of counter arguments of why not to bother throughout his article. He presents many questions that are common and familiar to the reader such as the evil twin(15) that lives halfway around the world and is eager to replace every last pound of CO2 [a person] is struggling no longer to emit.(18) This way, Pollan makes a connection between the reader and himself in a manner that ties the reader to his analytical thoughts. Pollan addresses each question throughout his article until he reaches to a conclusion of why to bother.(218) Pollan states that thinking about the environment and at least planting a garden have sweeter reasons(218) than just benefiting the environment. These reasons consist of healing the split between what you think and what you do(219) and re-engaging with neighbors. These reasons might influence other pe ople to follow the same path in dealing with environment and create a chain reaction that grows to outside of ones community. Michael Pollans Why Bother opens the readers eyes in a powerful manor to global warming and related environmental crises. He uses many rhetorical strategies to convey his argument such as past and current event, logos and pathos to persuade the reader to bother(218) and start thinking of global warming and related environmental issues as a serious matter that involves all of the people. Pollan approaches the reader from different standing points as he addresses each counter argument and gives the reasons of why to bother.(218)

Christopher Columbus a Hero?

In the 1500’s, people were curious about the world and wanted to advance so they explored, the explorers who discovered different things were regarded as hero’s but even though Christopher Columbus found America, he was no hero. Christopher Columbus unintentionally discovered America, when he landed in the Caribbean Islands, while looking for a direct sea route to Asia. Columbus was a selfish and untrustworthy man but was given honor. He was the cause of slavery, oppression, and mass genocide in the Americas and Africa. Obviously, Columbus was not a hero but the exact opposite. The first fact about Columbus being a villain is that he deculturalized people. When Columbus met the Tainos in North America, he wanted to make them just like Europeans, he was trying to make them all Christian. He forced them to find gold where there was none, and if they did not find any Columbus would kill them. Columbus also forced the natives to become slaves, most of the natives died on their way to Spain. Columbus and his men threw natives corpses over the side of the boat and into the ocean. The natives that did not become slaves worked on plantations or mines where they too would die from the hard working conditions. After they greeted the Europeans to their land with open arms, they were thrown aside like animals. Another important fact that makes Columbus not a hero is lying. Columbus lied to the queen about the explored island, He said that there's a lot of gold and spices, and people there would share anything with anyone. Columbus also lied that he reached Asia, which was his destination spot and then insisted that he discovered this land when the Taino were found their. He said all those things to make the queen believe that he's a good man and to save himself from the death. This doesn't only make him a liar but it also makes him selfish, he even took the prize of reaching the Bahamas from one of his crew mates in order to pay off a debt. The worst thing that Columbus did to gain a â€Å"bad character† name is genocide. When Columbus went to America second time, he brought a lot of Indians back with him to make them slaves to work for his queen. A lot of people died on the way to Columbus's country, and others were dying because they worked hard as slaves in mines and fields, which were hard and dangerous, or they wee sick with a disease, but he wasn’t the cause of not just one genocide but two. The African Americans were mistreated just as much if not worse, his reason for this was a shortage of Indian slaves. He enslaved these people after they were betrayed by their own and trade for guns. There were many deaths and the lives of the Africans were beyond comprehension and this was all thank to Christopher Columbus. Without a doubt, Columbus was a terrible man and doesn’t deserve the recognition of a hero but a villain. An entire culture was ruined when it has been alive for maybe hundreds of years before Columbus arrived. Columbus betrayed his crew and the native after they were being kind and generous to him, just to cover for the lies he told. The Natives and Africans were killed, raped, and enslaved all because Columbus. Many men and women are thought of as hero and they do this by accomplishing something for the greater good of people but this is the opposite of what he has done.

World History Review: the Evolution

AP World History Unit 1 Review Chapter 1 Evolution- The process by which different kinds of living organisms are thought to have developed and diversified from earlier forms during the history of the earth. Paleolithic Age- Second part of the Stone Age distinguished by the first usage of stone tools introduced by hominids such as Homo habilis. Neolithic Age- Latest part of the Stone Age beginning about 10,000 BC in the Middle East in which sedentary agriculture and domestication of plants and animals and permanent settlements were accomplished. Agricultural Revolution (Transition) – Turning point for the Neolithic Revolution. 0,000-8,000 BC. Slash & Burn- Technique in agriculture where forests are roughly cut down and burned over to prepare fields for the next crop. Australopithecus- Fossil bipedal primate with both apelike and human characteristics found in Africa. Homo Sapiens Sapiens- Modern humans. Neanderthal- Extinct species of human that lived in ice-age Europe 120,000- 35,000 years ago. Jericho- Village in Palestine near the north end of the Dead Sea. The Leakey’s- Family of paleontologists whose account of fossil discoveries in Tanzania changed theories of human evolution (1903-1972). Catal Huyuk- Large Neolithic settlement in southern Anatolia. 500-5700 BC Diamond- Precious stone consisting of a clear and typically colorless crystalline form of pure carbon. Venus Figurines- Prehistoric statuettes of women portrayed with similar physical attributes from Europe characterized by enhanced feminine features. Homo Erectus- Extinct species of primitive hominid with upright stature but small brain that originated in Africa. Homo Sapiens- Bipedal primate having language and ability to make and use complex tools. Volume of brain at least 1400 cubic centimeters. Lucy- Partial female skeleton of a fossil hominid found in Ethiopia in 1974, and is about 3. million years old and 4 feet. Cro-Magnon- Early form of modern humans. European Early Modern Huma ns (EEMH). Southwest Asia- Area in which as early as 3000 BC had contained a variety of cultures. Also known as Mesopotamia, it was located in an area called the Fertile Crescent in present-day Iraq. It had large city-states in an area known as Sumer; Birthplace of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. The Sumerians- Developed the 12-month calendar and cuneiform writing. Lascaux- Site of a cave in the Dordogne, France, containing elaborate Paleolithic wall paintings.Fertile Crescent- Crescent shaped area of fertile land in the Middle East that extends from the eastern Mediterranean coast through the valley of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers to the Persian Gulf. Chapter 2 Mummification- Embalmment and drying a dead body and wrapping to preserve the body. Ziggurats- Rectangular stepped tower found in ancient Mesopotamia surmounted by a temple. Hieroglyphics- Ancient form of pictographic writing used by the Egyptians. Old Kingdom- Period in the 3rd millennium BC when Egypt attained its fir st peak of civilization in complexity and achievement.Middle Kingdom- Period of ancient Egyptian history. New Kingdom- Period in ancient Egyptian history between 1550-1075 BC. Epic of Gilgamesh- Earliest known form of literature. Pyramid of Khufu- AKA Pyramid of Giza Menes- Egyptian pharaoh; reigned 3100 BC. Founded first dynasty that ruled Egypt. Hammurabi (Laws)- Sixth king of the Bbylonian Empire. Known for his set of laws, which were one of the first recorded codes of law in history. Deals with matters of contract, and trade. Akhenaten- Ancient Egyptian pharaoh who reigned about 3,500 years ago. Made major changes including his religious revolution and art style. 8th Dynasty. Ethical Monotheism- There is one God from whom emanates one morality for all humanity. Kush- Kingdom that reached its peak between 1700 and 1500 BC. Allied with Hyksos and conquered Egypt beginning the 2nd Intermediate Period. Mesopotamia- 3500 BC. Known as the land between two rivers, Rains were seasonal i n this area, which meant that the land flooded in the winter and spring and water was scarce at other times. Farming in the region depended on irrigation from the two Rivers. Phoenicia- 3000 BC. Group of individuals migrated from the Arabian Peninsula into the land of Canaan located between Egypt and Syria.By 1200 BC, the Phoenicians controlled a narrow strip of land that bordered along the Mediterranean Sea in the northern Canaan where they built a number of cities and villages. Uruk- An ancient city of Sumer and later Bbylonia, situated east of the present bed of the Euphrates river, on the ancient dry former channel of the river. Nile- Unifying force in Egyptian history. Used to transport wealth and to shi stone blocks used to build the Pyramids. Euphrates- Provided water that supported the development of ancient Mesopotamian culture. Birthplace of the ancient civilizations of Assyria, Bbylonia, and Sumer; Al Jazirah.Jerusalem- Religious center sacred to all three monotheistic re ligions. Israel was divided after Solomon’s death. Kingdom of Israel was in the north, while Judah was in the south. Pyramids- Used as massive tombs to enclose pharaohs or wealthy Egyptians. Cuneiform- Earliest writing systems evolved independently and at roughly the same time in Egypt and Mesopotamia. That writing system invented by the Sumerians emerged in Mesopotamia around 3500 BC. Archaic Period- Name given to generalized hunter-gatherer societies by in the American continents from approximately 8000-2000 BC.Amon-Re- King of the Gods, Egyptian King; Thebes; Hermopolis; Sun God Osiris- Egyptian god of the underworld and vegetation. Hyksos- Asiatic people who took over the eastern Nile Delta, ending the thirteenth dynasty, and initiating the Second Intermediate Period of ancient Egypt. Sargon of Akkad- Reigned Mesopotamia from 2334 to 2279 BC. Baby in a basket where he was picked up along the Euphrates River where he was found by a man named Akki. Was considered the greate st man who ever lived. Celebrated in glorious tales down through the Persian Empire. Hatshepsut- Fifth pharaoh of the Eighteenth dynasty of Ancient Egypt.First great women in recorded history. Forerunner Moses- That guy. Abraham- Assyria- Egypt- Ur- Bbylong- Tigris- Anatolia- Chapter 3 Samsara- Karma- Sati- Caste- Lawbook of Manu- Indo-European- Upanishads- Kshatriyas- Shudras- Jati- Moksha- Varna- Dravidian- Rig Veda- Brahmins- Vaishyas- Indra- Aryan’s war god and military god. Varuna Mohenjo-Daro- Indus River- Punjab- Black Sea- Brahman- Harappa- Ganges River- Himalayas- Caspian Sea- Chapter 4 Mandate of Heaven- Book of Songs- Book of History- Book of Changes- Book of Rites- Tian- Yangshao- Xia Dynasty- Shang Dynasty- Zhou Dynasty- Qin Dynasty- Oracle Bones-King Yu- King Fuzi- King Yao- King Shun- Fu Hao- Yangzi River- Steppes- Yin- Huang He River- Central Asia- Central Southeast Asia- Ao- Luoyang- Chapter 5 Olmec Calendar- Vigesimal- Chavin Cult- Pyramid of the Sun- Temple of the Giant Jaguar- Olmecs- Austronesian- San Lorenzo- Tikal- Teotihucan- Australia- Oceania- New Zealand- Maya- Mochika- La Venta- Chichen Itza- Mesoamerica- Bering Strait- New Guinea- Indonesia- Crucial Facts: * First Pharaoh of Egypt- King Menses The Fighter * Mesopotamians used Cuneiform * Societies that used Pictographic forms of scripture- Egypt (Hieroglyphics), Mayans, And Chinese. We know of the Aryans by the Vedas; Upanishads; Hindu Book * Paleolithic- Hunter Gatherers; No Sheep * Neolithic- Introduction of agriculture (Agricultural Revolution/Transition) * Archeologist- Studies ancient remains; Make approximations * Goddesses of Fertility- Venus Figurines; European * Most religions in Mesoamerica- Polytheistic * Harappans- Not much is known about them. Hindu. * Xia/Shang/Zhou/Qin Dynasties in Order * Copper was the 1st metal; Easy to find/mold. * Farming- Food surplus, possible for cities to exist, and sexual intercourse.